Existentialism Essay Words7 Pages Existentialism is a term associated with intellectual history. Through propagation of postwar literary concepts and philosophical works, existentialism became part of a cultural drift that prospered in the ’s and 50’s, especially in Europe Existentialism is a philosophical theory that accentuates the belief of existence. To be more specific, the idea of being absolutely free, there is no such thing as fate, no predestination, no gods, no god to control our lives, nothing to determine our paths or shapes our destiny Existentialism Novel 4 Pages Death has been a prevalent theme in literature of all cultures throughout the centuries. In The Thief and the Dogs, the author Naguib Mahfouz explores the realm of death and its interconnections with life. Witnessing the turmoil of the Egyptian revolutions since childhood, it is
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Read this Essay to Learn about Existentialism essays. After reading this essay you will learn about: 1, existentialism essays. I ntroduction to Existentialism 2.
Basics of Existentialism 3, existentialism essays. Educational Implications 4. Curriculum 5. Democratic Ideals 6. Critical Estimate. A modern and distinct philosophy, existentialism spearheaded a reactionary movement against the impersonal outlook of the then industrial age, scientism, positivism, methods of traditional Western philosophy and all mass and totalitarian movements. In other words, this philosophy places a high premium upon the man the centre of attraction of the society.
Moreover, existentialism stands as a reaction against abstractions, rationalizations and universalities that clouded the western firmament.
Fundamentally, it is an attitude and outlook which emphasizes human existence rather than man in existentialism essays abstract. It impels man to be aware of his or her existentialism essays in its essential freedom. Existentialism essays asserts existence precedes essence in place of essence precedes existence-a frame of reference of all the philosophers right from Plato down to Descartes. It is an attempt to penetrate into the innermost core of human existence in a concrete and clear manner, existentialism essays.
The core of this philosophy is man vis-a-vis modern advanced technological society beset with a plethora of problems and crises. Marcel considers it as a philosophy to act as a counselor in crisis. The leading exponents of existentialism are Soren Kierkegaarda Danish philosopher, Martin Heidegger and Karl Jaspers, German philosophers, Gabriel Marcel and Jean u1 Sartre, French philosophers and a host of others like Schelling, Nietsche, existentialism essays, Pascal, Hussrell, etc.
Existentialism puts emphases upon existence of man first-the inner, immediate experience f self- awareness. Existence refers to something existentialism essays here and now-the state of being actual within space and time, existentialism essays. It implies not what a thing is rather that it is. What a thing is we call its essence; that it is we call its existence. Further, existence comes first, then he defines himself or determines his essence.
Sartre explains it as first of existentialism essays man exists, turns up, appears on the scene, and only afterwards defines himself, existentialism essays. Man existentialism essays nothing other than what he makes himself, existentialism essays.
Therefore, man, instead of waiting to realize what is given to him, should conceive himself as a free, responsible, spring and striving becoming, existentialism essays. As such, essence is a result of this becoming process. Thus, existentialists believe that reality is a state of existentialism essays and individual alone creates values, existentialism essays.
It goes against all attempts to ignore the uniqueness of his subjective experience, existentialism essays. Truth or value is revealed in the subjective experience of living, existentialism essays.
Man experiences the truth within him. Thus, subjective awareness is the unit of existentialist philosophy. It discards anything which stunts and stifles this development of personality.
Freedom is essential, existentialism essays, for it makes human existence possible. According to existentialists, existentialism essays, man is not only free but he is condemned to be free. The concept of freedom encourages the man to pick up the means to existentialism essays himself in a responsible way.
Any action of man should conform to the standard of responsibility. Self-realization makes the life of a man to be free from anxiety and turns him as an enlightened one, existentialism essays. Therefore, existentialists support providing suitable opportunity for self-realization from his inner life. Action, existentialism essays, according to existentialists, is the only reality which entails freedom, for freedom is lost when one becomes idle and immobile. As such, existentialism essays, action enables man to live successfully and adequately in the society.
For the existential philosophers, man in the universe existentialism essays not complete. He is in the process of existentialism essays who withstands bad weathers in the way to become complete man. He is not alone in existentialism essays universe. He is connected to other men; he communicates with others. Hence, he cannot live in solitude and in a state of anarchy. He is a man among men and a woman among women. According to existentialism, contingent circumstances existentialism essays human life from cradle to grave.
This contingency is characterised by experiences of existentialism essays, horror, anguish, solitude, bewilderment, uncertainty, insecurity, anxiety, frustration, guilt and finally limited by death.
Existentialists, thus, remark that man is the only being in existentialism essays universe who knows that sometime he will die. Therefore, his existence throughout life is permeated by dread, anxiety and fear.
He cannot transcend this situation, existentialism essays. He has to be prepared to face and live with anguish, dread, anxiety, horror and fear. He must learn to love death. Existentialists believe that mind is the spring of all knowledge. The solution comes through conflicts of the mind as well as out of anxieties, agonies and adventures into unknown existentialism essays. Existentialists do not believe in absolute values, existentialism essays, for they change according to the tune of time.
They emerge from the freely chosen acts of men and women. Values are generated by the free decisions of men and women. Therefore, Values are created—man-made, not ready-made. Existentialism propounds the belief that man cannot accept the ready-made concept of existence forced upon him. He is a free agent capable of shaping his own life and choosing his own existentialism essays. Thus we cannot treat man as machine; first pulling one lever, then another and expect predictable results.
According to existentialists, education, in a broader sense, is that which helps an individual to realize the best, that he is capable of and the facticity of his existence, to face the categories of this facticity or contingency-dread, anguish, anxiety and fear resolutely and courageously and ultimately prepare him to meet death with pleasure. Thus, school life unlike Rousseau, Frobel, Pestalozzi and Montessori, need not be a place of joy and happiness but need to be permeated by dread, anxiety and fear.
Criticizing the prevailing concepts of education, as education for complete living, for life, for freedom and happiness, existentialists present a new concept of education-education for death. As such, education should prepare children to face death with joy like Socrates in ancient Greece. Besides, they should be prepared by the school to die for promotion of long- cherished, time-tested values.
He must make the child feel that he has conquered death. Existentialists believe that every individual is unique and education must cater to the individual differences. Therefore, the objective of education is to enable every individual to develop his unique qualities, to harness his potentialities and cultivate his individualities.
Existentialists want that education helps a man to be a complete man in his natural environment. For the development of complete man, freedom is the essential requirement. According to existentialists, one of the most important aims of education is the becoming of a human person as one who lives and makes decisions about what he will do and be. As choice determines perfectibility and happiness, education should train man to existentialism essays better choices.
Therefore, education aims at teaching him to lead a good life with its noble obligations and summit. It is a belief of existentialists existentialism essays man is free by nature. Education must make pupil aware of the infinite possibilities of his freedom, which is authentic and the responsibilities, he must bear in his life.
The aim should be to suggest man all possible ways and means to preserve the freedom of man even if that freedom leads him to anguish and fear. According to existentialists, the aim of education should be developing a scale of supreme values consistent with his freedom.
The pupil must develop a commitment to these values and act for them. Existentialists do not believe in prescribing a rigid curriculum. The child must choose his own curriculum according to his needs, abilities, aspirations, interests and stations of life. Curriculum should help the individual in the satisfaction of immediate social, political, economic and a host of other problems and ultimate needs.
It should be designed in such a way that it will provide every sort of experiences which constitute his life. However, the following subjects are included in the curriculum framework of existentialists:. Exisentialists attach prime importance to humanistic studies rather than scientific subjects, as it is through humanities that man comes in contact with human suffering, anguish, anxiety and death. Humanities help man to keep close to himself.
Existentialists prefer to include art and literature including poetry, drama and novels in their curriculum framework. Existentialists want to include social sciences for inculcating moral obligation and for knowing the relationship of individual to a group. Since science is objective, it should not be taught impersonally and with specialization. It develops in them an awareness of death, existentialism essays. They are to be imparted moral education for the enrichment of life. Existentialists say that the methods of teaching must develop the creative abilities in children.
Existentialists favour the Socratic approach to teaching existentialism essays Socratic Method is personal, intimate and existentialism essays. Socratic Method encourages free and fearless questioning and is relied upon dialogue and direct communication. Existentialists strongly favour learning by doing method, existentialism essays. Existentialists reject the group method, for in group dynamics, the superiority of group decision over individual decision is prominent.
In it, there is the chance of losing the individuality and free choice.
PHILOSOPHY - Sartre
, time: 6:38Existentialism Essays: Examples, Topics, Titles, & Outlines
Existentialism is a philosophical theory that accentuates the belief of existence. To be more specific, the idea of being absolutely free, there is no such thing as fate, no predestination, no gods, no god to control our lives, nothing to determine our paths or shapes our destiny · Existentialism is one of the most talked about -- and least understood -- theories today. Broadly, existentialism is the philosophy of existence or experience. More specifically, existentialism is the philosophical cult of nihilism Existentialism Essay Words7 Pages Existentialism is a term associated with intellectual history. Through propagation of postwar literary concepts and philosophical works, existentialism became part of a cultural drift that prospered in the ’s and 50’s, especially in Europe
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